Beyond the Frontline: The Two Strategic Ecosystems of the War in Ukraine – Who Sustains Russia and Ukraine—and How—in a War of Attrition

The West holds greater long-term advantages in economic resources, technology, industry and institutions, while Russia benefits from centralized decision-making, coordination and rapid adaptation. Ultimately, the war’s outcome will depend on each side’s ability to sustain political cohesion, industrial regeneration and strategic resolve, while shifts in key actors’ interests could decisively shape its duration and outcome.